Moral Treatment of the Mental Illness

From 16th to 17th Century, mental illness was regarded to be as an influence of the devil. Mentally sick patients were believed to be possessed by the demons and the evil spirits.1 These patients attracted little sympathy from few people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Moral Treatment of the Mental Illness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Patients were often treated harshly and people thought that by torturing them it would help drive out these evil spirits. During this period, the care for mentally ill patients was under family responsibility and a few people from the community who were involved in charity work.2 In situations where metal illness patients were not causing any threat to the community, they were ignored and left on their own. However, if they posed any threat they were put into confinements. Such confinement was the best option during this time to seclude patients from the society. Treatment was rudimental and entailed more of mechanical restraint.3 By the start of mid 18th Century, the treatment for mentally ill patients took a different approach. It involved moral treatment that was anchored on kind treatment of the patients.4 In this approach, form of restraints such as ankle irons, handcuffs, and straightjacket were used. As the time went by new inventions were made that had appropriate treatment such as psychotropic drugs and emergency of new health workers such as psychologists and this made the treatment of mentally ill patients improve greatly.5 Therefore, the purpose of this essay is to compare successfulness of moral treatments of mentally ill patients in 19th Century and that of 20th Century.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Before the 19th Century confinement and use of mechanical restraints was prevalent mode of treatment for the patients who were mentally ill in ma ny parts of the world. Mentally ill patients were treated in either asylums or private madhouses. In Britain, private madhouses were common for particularly in 18th Century.6 They often managed by institutions, doctors and clergymen. This places offered accommodation for about hundred patients or more. Patients were exposed to harsh treatment and mechanical restraint.7 In United States of America, South Carolina Lunatic Asylum currently referred to as South State Hospital was the oldest public mental institution. This institution was founded during the time when creation of asylums for mentally ill patients was at climax. As 19th Century began treatment models of these patients in public dilapidated houses and in private madhouses was unsatisfactory. This was due to increased pressure from urbanization, high population increase and expanding trade.8 Nevertheless, American asylums differed with those in Europe in that it federal governments lacked legislation that could mandate build ing of public asylums. For this reason, initiation and running of asylums depended on individual states. By the fall of 19th Century, at least every state had one asylum with mental patients being treated there. Small groups of reformers were involved to promote state asylums and they were more like private charitable asylums for patients from affluent and poor backgrounds.9 In Britain, development of health facilities for mentally ill patients began around 18th Century. Before then, only the St. Mary of Bethlem in London City was inexistence for several centuries. Before 1812, most of asylums belonged to private or royal benevolence.10Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Moral Treatment of the Mental Illness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Individuals who were mentally challenged and patients who were mentally ill were taken care of by their family members and were kept in poor houses and prisons. Due to horrible conditions in which many mentally ill patients were kept in it provoked formation of Act of Parliament of 1774.11 Through mandate of this Act, five commissioners from Royal College of Physicians to set out and inspect all private madhouses in London and licensed those that were in good condition to avoid further abuse subjected to the patients12. However, even though this bill was meant to regulate madhouses it was not effective because any person could have acquired license to operate asylum. Wynn’s Act, which was introduced in 1809 for the welfare of mentally ill persons in England. This bill enabled magistrate to come up with asylums in every county that were rate supported. These asylums were meant to address the increased number of mentally ill persons from poor families. This bill led to a Parliamentary Select Committee of Inquiry in the year 1815-1816. This inquiry observed evidence of abuses in mentally ill institutions and private madhouses and dismissal of the offic ers in charge. These necessitate a better system of inspection of mentally ill patients’ rehabilitation centers by use of a national body.13 The development of Retreat in 1796 by William Tuke in Britain brought about a significant change in managing mentally ill patients. The situation further was improved by development of the concept of ‘moral development’.14 The concept of Moral treatment was advanced by a French psychiatrist know as Philippe Pine. This term referred to a new approach of managing mentally ill patients. He maintained that if a physician had confidence and install hope to the mentally ill patients, this could significantly improve their behavior and their quality of life.15Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reason behind this was that the former approach used was based on â€Å"principle of fear to govern the mentally ill patients†. Moral treatment encouraged health workers to relate to patients with some form of personal strength because force was deemed as the best method of achieving control.16 This approach advocated on individualized care for each mentally ill patient. It also considered integration of activities such as religious support and occupational therapy as part of treatment. Those who supported this concept urged that mentally ill patients required confinement within mental health institutions. They maintained that if these patients were given freedom their lives together with their family members and friends might be stressful or affect the efficacy of the treatment. This led to providing limited freedom to such patients in case they were to be granted freedom.17 Towards the end of 18th Century, interest in legal, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and aspects of mentally ill started gaining momentum. During this time, medical literature for mentally ill patients started increasing as well as medically operated centers. There was also an understanding mental illness was just like any other kind of diseases human beings suffer from. It is during this period the concept of moral treatment started fading away as new approaches based on physical treatment and new biological understanding came to be embraced. According to the writings of Kraepelin, a psychiatrist, most of the mental illness patients were seen to leave their homes with little hopes of regaining their normal lives.18 As such, these new treatment approaches focused on managing mental related disorders and symptoms in the mentally ill patients. These treatment modalities by the current standards, they would be considered inhuman. For example, hydrotherapy was one of the physical treatment done to mentally ill patients. Hydrotherapy was in form of different types of baths such as ‘surprise bath’ where a patient was dipped while standing in a water reservoir. There was also wrapping of the patients in wet packs for long duration of time.19 Other treatments included use of physical shocks induced by electricity or use of insulin and sedative drugs. The common sedative drug used by then was laudanum, which could be administered orally. These drugs were only administered to the patients with their consent. However, invention of hypodermic syringe made it possible to provide medication even without patients consent. The end of 18th Century and beginning of 19th Century marked the beginning of kind approach to mentally ill patients and establishments of bodies that represented workers operating in hospitals and asylums.20 Treatment of mentally ill in the 20th Century also used physical therapies such as sedatives, insulin shock and psychosurgery but in better application due to use of medical model which was not there in 19th Century.21 Most of these treatments resulted in suppression of the symptoms. Patients who were receiving these treatments did not get back to their normal lives. This led psychiatric professional see a need for a better treatment. Such a need was anticipated as expressed by a one of the psychiatric nurse who wrote a letter in 1949 to Earl Warren, a governor of California expressing that better treatments were needed because popular treatments by then had failed22 In early 20th Century, physical treatments such as lobotomies and shock treatment they were not effective in managing patients’ conditions. This triggered advocacy of more effective treatment methods that could not only target on suppression of symptoms but also improve the quality of lives among mentally ill patients. During a meeting held by the America Psychiatric Association, it was recognized that primary objective in psychiatric treatment is to help the ailing person be integrated in the community in away he or she can use community re sources in his personal and social good. However, such objective was not in line with the treatment offered by then. Between 1950s and 1960s developments in therapeutic approaches for mentally ill persons made great improvements. Use of therapeutic communities was a great breakthrough. It proved more effective compared to traditional methods. Patients’ rights were respected and were embedded in therapeutic practices. New medications which were more effective like chlorpromazine helped manage patients symptoms better with little clinical monitoring.23 In both 19th Century and 20th Century treatments for mentally ill patients, use of coercion formed key part of the treatment. For instance, coercive measures were used to prevent patient regain control over psychiatric symptoms and prevent possibility committing suicide. Coercive measures are often used among the patients who are violent or with threatening behaviors that posies risk to others. Use of coercive measures in mental rehabilitation centers was justified through paternalism and due to the nature of the mental sickness. Mentally ill patients lack autonomy and are incompetent to make their own decisions. 24 For this reason, medical paternalism where health care worker is supposed to intervene in behalf of the patients’ interest is necessary. Where the interest is for the members of the society who may be harmed by the patients’ acts social paternalism is applied. In overall, coercion was used as part of the treatment even in 20th Century because it was considered that it is likely to enhance long-term autonomy of the patients. In addition, mentally ill patients’ irrational preferences are likely to be different from long-term rational preferences.25 In order to protect human rights, dignity and fundamental freedom among mentally ill patients the United Nations passed a resolution meant to protect individuals who have been detained on mental health grounds. Similarly, the Europe an Council has also made a recommendation that acknowledges legal requirement for mentally ill persons.26 Therefore, treatment of mentally ill persons has evolved through time. Initially, mental illness was considered to be caused by evil spirits. Those who suffered mental illness were treated harshly because it was believed that by so doing the evil spirit would be cast way. Often, mentally ill patients were caged in poor conditions and their care was left to family members. The 19th Century treatment of mentally ill persons was an improvement from previous mode of treatment. However, its approach still did not meet the needs for mentally ill persons in that patient’s rights were not highly regarded. In addition, treatment focused on alleviation of symptoms. The 20th Century treatment of mentally ill persons involved therapeutic community approach. Patient’s nature of illness was regarded as any other kind of illness that affects the body. Treatment did not only focus on reducing symptoms but also improving the quality of life of the patients. However, in both 19th Century and 20th Century treatment coercive measures were used to protect and treat the patients. Bibliography Alice, Keski-valkama. The use of seclusion and mechanical restraint in psychiatry: a persistent challenge over time, Accessed from www.ps.psychiatryonline.org/data/Journals/PSS/3651/1115.pdf, p1 Andrew, Scull. Social Order/Mental Disorder: Anglo-American Psychiatry in Historical Perspective, California: University of California Press, 1989 Freeman, Harrison. Mental Health Policy and Practice in the NHS: 1948-79, Journal of Mental Health, 7, 3, June, 1998 Hellen, Keller. Recovery: A conspiracy of Hope, Accessed from www.pendari.com/DMH/Books/recovery/files/recovery.pdf Hospital Library Program. From custody to cure: mental Health Care in the North Country, Accessed from www.samaritanhealth.com/library/images/†¦/smcnewsletter43.pdf ,p1 2008,p1 Peterson, Bracken and Patrick , Thomas. Post psychiatry: A New Direction in Mental Health, British Medical Journal, 322, 2001 Roy, Bewley and David, Wright. The Confinement of the Insane: International Perspectives. 1800-1965, New York: Cambridge University Press , 2003 Thomas, Bewley. Madness to mental illness; History of the Royal College of psychiatrists, Accessed from www.rcpsych.ac.uk/files/samplechapter/MadnesstoMIllnessSChap.pdf, p4 Footnotes 1 Keski-valkama Alice, The use of seclusion and mechanical restraint in psychiatry: a persistent challenge over time. Accessed from www.ps.psychiatryonline.org/data/Journals/PSS/3651/1115.pdf, p1 2 Ibid. 3 Bewley Thomas, Madness to mental illness; History of the Royal College of psychiatrists, Accessed from www.rcpsych.ac.uk/files/samplechapter/MadnesstoMIllnessSChap.pdf, p4 4 Hospital Library Program, From custody to cure: mental Health Care in the North Country, Accessed from www.samaritanhealth.com/library/images/†¦/smcnewsletter43.pdf ,p1 2008,p1 5 Hospital Library Program.,†From custody to cure: mental Health Care in the North Country, â€Å"Accessed from www.samaritanhealth.com/library/images/†¦/smcnewsletter43.pdf P1 2008,p1 6 Porter Roy and Wright David, The Confinement of the Insane: International Perspectives. 1800-1965, (New York: Cambridge University Press , 2003) , p 334 7 Bewley Thomas, Madness to mental illness; History of the Royal College of psychiatrists, Accessed from www.rcpsych.ac.uk/files/samplechapter/MadnesstoMIllnessSChap.pdf p4 8 Porter Roy and Wright David, The Confinement of the Insane: International Perspectives. 1800-1965, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), p 172 9 Porter Roy and Wright David, The Confinement of the Insane: International Perspectives.,1800-1965, (New York: Cambridge University Press ,2003 ), p 172 10 Bewley Thomas, Madness to mental illness; History of the Royal College of psychiatrists. Accessed from www.rcpsych.ac.uk/files/samplechapter/MadnesstoMIllnessSChap.pdf, p4 1 1 Ibid,p5 12 Ibid. 13 Bewley Thomas, Madness to mental illness; History of the Royal College of psychiatrists. Accessed from www.rcpsych.ac.uk/files/samplechapter/MadnesstoMIllnessSChap.pdf, p4 14 Scull Andrew, Social Order/Mental Disorder: Anglo-American Psychiatry in Historical Perspective, (California: University of California Press, 1989), p83 15 Ibid. 16 Bewley Thomas, Madness to mental illness; History of the Royal College of psychiatrists. Accessed from www.rcpsych.ac.uk/files/samplechapter/MadnesstoMIllnessSChap.pdf, p4 17 Scull Andrew, Social Order/Mental Disorder: Anglo-American Psychiatry in Historical Perspective, (California: University of California Press, 1989), p83 18 Peterson Bracken and Patrick Thomas, Post psychiatry: A New Direction in Mental Health, British Medical Journal, 322, 2001, p 725. 19 Bewley Thomas, Madness to mental illness; History of the Royal College of psychiatrists, Accessed from www.rcpsych.ac.uk/files/samplechapter/MadnesstoMIllnessSChap.pdf, p 6 20 Ibid. 21 Peterson Bracken and Patrick Thomas, Post psychiatry: A New Direction in Mental Health, British Medical Journal, 322, 2001, p p726 22 Keller Hellen, Recovery: A conspiracy of Hope, Accessed from www.pendari.com/DMH/Books/recovery/files/recovery.pdf , p3 23 Ibid. 24 Harrison Freeman, Mental Health Policy and Practice in the NHS: 1948-79’, Journal of Mental Health, 7, 3, 1998, pp 233. 25 Keller Hellen, Recovery: A conspiracy of Hope, Accessed from www.pendari.com/DMH/Books/recovery/files/recovery.pdf , p5 26 Harrison, p230 This essay on Moral Treatment of the Mental Illness was written and submitted by user Jason Wilkins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

White Elephant essays

White Elephant essays Who is the boss? Society is pressuring people so much to succeed in life and to become someone they can not be, that people act in any way they can to reach this goal. Often, they use power and domination to show that they are important and can influence the world. Hills Like White Elephants reflects the power of men over women. The plot, characterization and semic codes prove this claim. First of all, the plot of the story shows that the man has more control and authority than the woman. Since he is the protagonist, he takes more space in the story. He has more influence because he is the main character and because the story is based on what he wants. His goal is to convince Jig to get aborted; so once again, he is more important since he wants something in particular. On the contrary, Jig is the antagonist because she is opposed to the idea of getting an abortion. She wants to keep her child, but her husband is insisting so much that she cannot transmit her opinion and expr ess how she feels. The plot of Hills Like White Elephants clearly demonstrates the power of men over women. Secondly, the man has more power than his wife because the characterization proves it very well. The woman is very weak and consults her husband before doing anything, as if she could not make a decision by herself. 'What should we drink?' 'Should we have another drink? She is unable to use her judgment and has to have her husband's approval before doing anything. Also, even though she would like to keep the child, she puts his feelings before hers and would do almost anything to make him happy. 'And you think then we'll be all right and be happy' 'And you really want to?' 'And if I do it you'll be happy and things will be like they were and you'll love me?' She is willing to sacrifice what she desires the most to please her husband. This is a very big sign of inferiority and being manipulated by her husband. She cares more about his happ...

Chinese Architecture The Forbidden City and Spatial Hierarchies Essay

Chinese Architecture The Forbidden City and Spatial Hierarchies - Essay Example x† was put up with enormous spacing with various sections as described by the purpose for which it was supposed to serve (Ching, Jarzombek, and Prakash 17). MacFarquhar explains that the city took up to fifteen years to construct (33). It is made of 800 buildings with 9000 rooms, which serve various purposes. Generally it is known to be the world’s largest palace with fine architectural knowledge applied. The Qing and Ming dynasties did exist along with the Chinese civilization as evident in the palace. Urban planning in the Chinese construction is highly evident by the manner in which the buildings are spatially distributed. Various ethnic cultures were represented inside the palace, including the religions that existed in China. Hence, it was entirely an integration of diversities in building techniques and designs. The commencement of the construction followed an order from the Ming dynasty. There are 114 buildings in the palace of the Qing Dynasty which is a typical indicator of the last ruling dynasty in China just prior to the expansion of power to the middle of China. The middle axis architectural design was made so as to support the emperor’s political issues (Knapp 44). The architectural techniques used in the Forbidden City gives a reflection of the global view of the Chinese architects. This is made clear by the manner in which the buildings are arranged and carried to other parts of China and beyond. Knapp explores the composition of the city including the southern inner city and the outer city situated in the south (23). There are gates which usher in the next step of progression as one gets into the city. There is a central axis and a symmetrical design having the inner court at the rear while the outer court in the front. There is an additional landscape courtyard that originates from the layout of Yuan He City. This is purely a distinctly classified construction technique that dictated the manner of constructing of the subsequent

Sustainable hospital and the healing process Annotated Bibliography

Sustainable hospital and the healing process - Annotated Bibliography Example One of the strength of the motivating programs is that its’ automation makes it easier to identify individual merits and reward them accordingly. Compliments and other recognitions should be posted there to motivate them. Communication with employees from wherever they are makes them feel part of the company as they feel more appreciated and derive a sense of belongingness. This should continue being exploited at all times. Some weaknesses have also been noted in the discussion section. One of these entails shortcomings in communication. Employees should be made part of the decision-making team to ensure they feel obligated to work for a hospital. A hospital should also outsource some required services especially in recruitment programs to allow them cope with the challenges fostered by motivation programs. Abstract - The study recognizes that the concept of design has an effect on a patient's healing process. In the study, substantial evidence presents that the design of medical institutes influence the health outcomes of patients, as well as recruitment and retention of the hospital staff. In addition, the concept of design also affects the efficiency of how care is being provisioned. In United Kingdom, primary health and social care is being prioritized due to the ageing population of the country. Summary - The purpose of the study is to incorporate an environment that would deliver safety, efficiency and quality that is flexible to changing delivery patterns in the provision of care. Strengths - The journal article is concise, thorough and properly formatted. It began with the topic in which it aimed to discuss, which was followed by the issues and challenges that cause the need for such a topic to be tackled. The author elaborated on the existing condition of modern health care, as well as the current trends' impact on the environment and the peoples' well being. With that, the author introduced the concept of sustainability. Empirical studies that would support the information presented were included through the incorporation of best practices that are present in health care buildings, neighborhoods and cities. A succinct analysis had been applied in regards to assessing what needs to be modified, along with a proposed action plan that could help resolve existing issues in healthcare. Weaknesses - The researcher believes that the journal article has no notable weaknesses. Dyson, F. (2007.) Many colored glass: Reflections on the place of life in the universe. F reeman University of Virgina Press. Abstract - Among the several factors that can be attributed to the degradation of the environment, global warming, or the gradual increase in the earth’s temperature is one of the single most important drivers of this change. Global warming is a phenomenon perpetrated by the increase in emission of greenhouse gases. These gases are most significantly released during the burning of fossil fuels, and human beings as a group are the greatest emitters of greenhouse gases. Summary – an organization will maintain the efforts of improving its eco-friendly in all the departments by allocating more resources toward improving the sustainability. Additionally, the organization will strive to explore better

Reaserch Paper on Othello the Moor of Venice, as a tragedy Research

Reaserch on Othello the Moor of Venice, as a tragedy - Research Paper Example Aristotle’s concept of tragedy is based on a sum total of a few essential fundamentals that are a complex plot with a suitable beginning middle and the end, organic unity, appropriate length, the unities of time and place, apt relationship between the character and plot, goodness, consistency of characterization, hamartia, peripity, anagnorisis or discovery, feelings of pity and fear and catharsis.1 Based on the parameters as established by Aristotle for a worthy tragedy, William Shakespeare’s Othello, the Moor of Venice is an ideal Aristotelian tragedy. Othello is a specific tragedy of passion and to label it as an Aristotelian tragedy is certainly appropriate. Of all Shakespeare’s tragedies, Othello is the most painfully exciting and the most terrible. As one goes through it, one experiences the extremes of the feelings of pity, fear, sympathy, disgust, sickening hope and dreadful expectation. Outline I. Introduction A. Cursory analysis of Othello B. Aristotle parameters for a tragedy and a â€Å"tragic hero† II. Body A. Tragedy and plot B. Attributes of a â€Å"tragic hero† as per Aristotle B. Catharsis and tragedy III. Conclusion A. Othello, the Moor of Venice satisfies all attributes of a tragedy enunciated by Aristotle Essay Introduction Othello, the Moor of Venice, could and should essentially be classified as a typical Aristotelian tragedy and Othello is the most worthy tragic hero of Shakespeare who satisfies almost all the credentials of a tragic hero as evinced by Aristotle. As one goes through the play Othello, one experiences the extremes of the feelings of pity, fear, sympathy, disgust, sickening hope and a dreadful expectation.2 Evil is displaced before the reader in such a way that one simply watches its progress in an awed and fascinated manner. A lot of factors contribute to the exciting and painful impact of this play as the conflict in Othello’s mind, the ensuing sexual jealousy, Desdemona’s h umiliation and murder, the accompanying intrigue and so much.3 Besides, the role played by ‘accident’ in Othello produces not only a strong sense of the working of fate, but makes the play more terrible. In Othello, so many things happen by chance to aid Iago’s plot that one feels that his victims are also the victims of fate. Then there is the little comic relief in the guise of Iago’s humor, which is most of the times grim rather than amusing. In the context of the tragedy and a tragic hero, Aristotle in his work Poetics elucidated on some specific requirements as to the nature and form of plot and the qualities of a tragic hero. It will be really interesting to gauge Othello, the Moore of Venice, on the parameters set by Aristotle as to establish that it is a worthy tragedy with a suitable tragic hero. Plot In the context of a tragedy, Aristotle stresses the primacy of plot.4 He begins his ranking of the six parts of the tragedy with the assertion that â€Å"The most important of these parts is the arrangement of incidents, for tragedy is not an imitation of a man, per se, but of human action and life and happiness and misery.†5 Aristotle further reinforces the need for the right plot by declaring the human life to be a process. Aristotle holds that the human life is constantly changing and the changes that a man experiences tend towards happiness or unhappiness. Thus a tragedy is not possible

Why You Take Animals To A Vet Sociology Essay

Why You Take Animals To A Vet Sociology Essay When a person gets sick they usually visit the doctor, but when an animal gets sick they cant go to a human doctor, they visit whats called a veterinarian. A variety of animals can visit the vet, from house pets to farm animals to animals in the zoo. Animals that visit the vet are healthier due to the number of vaccines and technology available; though it may be expensive, it does prolong an animals life. Veterinarians are physicians who help diagnose and treat diseases in animals. With continuous checkups, veterinarians can help control and prevent illness and disease in the animal. As stated by pet care, no matter how careful animal owners are, there will be a time when animals need to visit the vet. Though some believe vets can only offer an examination, they actually can do so much more. Vets are capable of spotting certain illnesses before they take full effect through blood test. They can repair joint or ligament, and they even provide professional grooming. Visiting the vet can prolong animals lives with the physicals done, and making sure animals have all their vaccinations. The major benefit for animals that go to the vet is that they are healthy. But the duties of veterinarians just dont stop at making sure animals are healthy. They make sure the meats people eat are healthy by testing the animal for diseases, monitoring the transportation of the animal, and the slaughtering of the now meat. A veterinarian can decide their specialty based off where they grew up at and the location of where their practice is at or will be at. There are three major categories that a veterinarian can specialize in; small, large, and exotic. Small animals are mostly known as the house pets, and they usually go to clinics or private practices. Clinics can be used for the larger animals, but they are mostly used for small animals. Clinics and private practices provide a waiting area, appointments, emergency appointments, and boarding areas. The major difference between a clinic and private practice is that a clinic is run by the government and a private practice is run by one person, the owner. The next specialties for a veterinarian are large animals. These animals tend to be farm animals, like cows, horses, and sheep. The main reason veterinarians do home visits for these types of animals is because of their size, the population they come in because its just not one cow at the farm. Equestri an veterinarians can also fall under this category, they focus in just horses. Those veterinarians tend to focus more on the unique horses, like ones that race or designer breed horses. The last type of animal that a vet can specialize in is exotic animals. These animals tend to be zoo animals; they can be monkeys, iguanas, ferrets or potbellied pigs. Depending on if they are located at the zoo, there will be a special veterinarian located at the zoo that runs their own private practice. Depending on the size of these exotic animals, that are pets to some people; they would go to a specific private practice for exotic animals only. But, if they are large exotic animals, a specific veterinarian would make a special home visit. Though there are three different specialties, there are veterinarians that will run a private practice for all types of animals and make home visits for all types of animals. As most people probably already know, the main reason to visit the vet is to help keep their animal healthy and living longer. Animals do age faster than humans do, so it is very important for animals to visit the vet. Just like humans, as the animals gets older their health does become worse. There are many pros for owners who take their animals to the veterinarian. Not only can an owner take their pet to get a wellness checkup, they can also have grooming done. When owners have their animals groomed, sometimes they take them to places where its not the best job being done. But taking them to the vet can ensure you that there are professionals back there taking care of the grooming process. Another pro that can benefit the owners and anyone else around the animal, is that taking an animal to the vet not only helps them be healthy but help keeps people in contact with the animal healthy too. Diseases can spread from human to pet and even pet to human. Then the fact that some animals are the meat people eat, so it would be a major pro having that meat healthy and disease free. Insurance can really help out with costs of vet bills for the exotic animals, so that is another major pro. Then by visiting the veterinarian, animals receive vaccinations. If an animal gets a disease or illness after receiving that certain vaccination and they recover, then they can become immune to it, which that will protect them for life. A con about visiting the vet of course is the money. Vaccinations, grooming, dentals, and surgeries are not cheap. It can be hard to afford an animal going to the vet monthly. Then another con about going to the vet would be if the veterinarian found something wrong. While performing their checkups there are possibilities of them finding a tumor or another illness. Then it will be expensive to pay for surgeries or medicine necessary for the animal to recover. Of course, the pros outweigh the cons. Having an animals life become longer and healthier is worth the cost sometimes. Visiting the veterinarian is mostly for the animals wellness checkup. A wellness checkup is just checking the animals out and making sure things are normal. The veterinarians evaluate the overall health of the animal and try to detect serious illnesses before they turn into something bad or terminal. Veterinarians check the animals ear for unusual odors; they check the animals teeth too. Then they make sure the lungs are working properly, the heart rate is normal, and then they check the joints of the animals. Checkups for the larger animals are somewhat different than the checkups for smaller animals. Usually when a large animal is having a wellness checkup or physical they are put a sleep with an anesthetic. After the animal is asleep the veterinarian assistants record the rates of the animal, while the vet focuses on the physical part of the examination. Medicine used in veterinary is similar to humans medicine. An animal can catch a simple stomach bug and also have many diseases that are terminal like types of cancers. Though a veterinarian cant help prevent cancer, they can help prevent stomach bugs with the help of vaccinations. A vaccine is a live pathogen or a killed virus that can be injected to help pathogens in the animals body produce antibodies. The antibodies are what help make an animal immune to a certain illness or disease. Veterinarians can perform blood tests which help show how immune an animal is to a certain disease. Animals can only become immune to a certain illness or disease if they catch it and recover from it. Sometimes animals dont recover and then they dont have the antibodies needed to help make them become immune to it. When people think of surgeries being performed by a vet, they think mostly of removals. But vets can perform many more types of surgeries, like neutering and spaying of house pets. Not only does neutering and spaying make an animal infertile, but by doing that it can help prevent certain cancers in the male and fe male reproductive organs. Then it has been proven that it reduces the chance of animals running off. They can declaw animals like house cats or even bears have been declawed. Also, bone and joint repair are major surgeries done to help animals. Sometimes joints become dislocated and the animal needs that surgery to be able to function properly. The last type of surgery that can be done is cosmetic, just like humans an animal can have things changed. Out of all the pros there are for visiting the veterinarian, the fact that just a visit once a month can prolong an animals life majorly. Having animals checked out by professionals with this technology in the 21st century just provides accurate information versus the knowledge of most animal owners. For the worst con, its not really about the cost for most animal lovers. Its about losing an animal, so the worst con for visiting the vet is the chances of the veterinarian finding something terminal with the animal. Obviously animals who visit the veterinarians like they should are healthier than those animals that havent ever been to a veterinarian. Just like humans, animals can leave germs and get germs. The germs can be in the waiting room area or in the back where the vet clinic boards animals. So even though animals visit the veterinarian they still can become unhealthy by catching a disease there at the vet. Veterinarians can do house calls and come personally to the animal. Maki ng those animals the healthiest; due to them not being in contact with the sick and still receiving the proper care by a veterinarian.

The Fat Lady Essay -- Character Analysis, Dr. Yalom, Betty

The Fat Lady Book Report In the third story of Loves Executioner: â€Å"The Fat lady† , Dr.Yalom decides to treat a twenty-seven year old overweight woman named, Betty. Though Dr. Yalom was reluctant to treat Betty at first due to her being obese, Dr. Yalom decides to put aside his counter-transference issues and views treating Betty as a way to improve his skills as a therapist. Not only does Dr.Yalom learn throughout treating Betty that there was more substance to her than he had initially anticipated, but he connects with betty while overcoming his counter-transference issues,helping Betty uncover the pathology of her depression and discovering her identity. First and foremost is Dr.Yaloms first meeting and reactions toward Betty. During first initial meeting, Dr. Yalom is taken back by Betties physical appearance as Dr.Yalom goes into explicit detail for his distaste for fat woman as he states, â€Å"I always been repelled by fat women. I find them disgusting: their absurd sidewise waddle, their absence of body contour,breasts,laps,buttock,shoulders,jawlines,cheekbones, everything I like to see in a woman obscured in an avalanche of flesh.† (Yalom, 2000 p. 94) Dr. Yalom proceeds asking the the typical questions what is troubling her as Betty tells Dr.Yalom that she is depressed and her eating has been out of control. Dr. Yalom, realizing his counter transference issues may make it hard for him to relate or even treat Betty, instead he views Betty as a challenge of being able to overcome his aversion toward fat women as a way of better helping future patients. In the next few sessions Dr.Yalom finds Betties endless chatter about her life extremely unmoving. Dr.Yalom describes their talks as, â€Å"cocktail chatter† with no real substa... ...Yalom, 2000) Betty then inquires about those changes as Dr.Yalom embarrassing admits he did not feel comfortable with obese people. Betty berates Dr.Yalom telling him that he never once touched her in the whole therapy session, let alone look at her directly for the first six months. Betty also tells Dr.Yalom, Ironically, Betty tells him how she cant stand fat people either and thats why she has a distaste for groups. Dr.Yalom then gives her a hug, surprised that he is able to put his arms around the once obese two hundred and fifty pound woman. Not only in the end did Dr.Yalom learn to move past his counter-transferense issues he had with fat women, but he grew with his patient as they both took something away from therapy, Dr.Yalom being empathetic and moving past Bettys intital obese appearance, and Betty appreciating life in the now and becoming a real identity.